The Kingdom of Cambodia is an anglicised version of the French word Cambodge, which, in turn, gets its name from the Khmer word Kampuchea. This tiny country in Southeast Asia is wedged between Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. It is predominantly rural and has one of Southeast Asia’s highest levels of forest cover. The terrain consists mainly of plateaus that extend into neighbouring countries and low-lying plains that reach down to the southeastern coastline along the Gulf of Thailand.
For hundreds of years, Cambodia served as a trade route for neighbouring countries and was often caught in the middle of conflict between the regions of Thailand and Vietnam. The kingdom sought help from the French, becoming a French protectorate in August 1863. But Cambodian history traces back much longer and was closely associated with the Indian and Chinese civilisations.
The country gained its independence from France in November 1953. During the Khmer Rouge regime from 1975 to 1979, Cambodia experienced isolation from the outer world. Due to the events that took place during the Cambodian genocide, almost three million people lost their lives, bringing the country to the point of utter human, political, and economic destruction.
The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) took over the country’s administration in 1992-1993. In September 1993, the Constituent Assembly of Cambodia adopted a new constitution. In the same year, a constitutional monarchy based on multi-party democracy was established in the country. Norodom Sihamoni became the King of Cambodia in October 2004.